SGML is Standard Generalised Markup Language. It is the international standard for defining descriptions of the structure of different types of electronic document.
XML is a lightweight cut-down version of SGML which keeps enough of its functionality to make it useful but removes all the operational features which made SGML too complex to program for in a Web environment.
XML is an abbreviated version of SGML, to make it easier to use over the Web, easier for you to define your own document types, and easier for programmers to write programs to handle them.
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